Basic Theory of Welding
Welding is one of the metal grafting technique by means of partial melt the base metal and filler metal as soon as or without pressure and subsequent to or without metal risers and generate links continue. The scope of the use of welding techniques in construction is every broad, covering shipping, bridges, steel frames, pressure vessels, piping hastily, pipelines and as a repercussion about. In add going on to the produce, welding process can with be used for reparations for example to occupy the holes in castings. Making the weld seam upon the tooling thicken the parts that are worn and various repair lainnya.Pengelasan not the main try of the construction, but by yourself a means to get augmented economic build. Because of the design of welding and welding method should in fact pay attention and perform the correspondence along together along plus the properties of the weld gone the usability and usefulness of the surrounding construction.
Electric arc welding robot can tackle large electrical current to a safe voltage (less than 45 volts). Electric arc that occurs will cause heat vivaciousness is high sufficient as a upshot that it will easily melt metal exposed. The amount of electric current can be set as seize having regard to the size and type of electrode. It points to deem in welding is the slant of view of the electrode outlook upon the workpiece is 600-700 and follow the management of the slant admin of welding electrodes, body viewpoint of view of view and outlook of the electrode holder / clamp electrode must also be appropriate.
Various welding
Various welding is often used by electric and gas heat add occurring:
a. SMAW (Shield Metal Arch Welding) is an electric arc welding ember shielded arc mempergunagakan electric ember as a heat source diluent metal. This type most widely used everywhere for re all purposes pengelasaan act. Voltage is used deserted 23 to 45 Volts AC or DC, though the melting of welding required for currents taking place to 500 Amperes. But generally used range 80-200 Ampere
b. SAW (Submerged Arch Welding) is immersed arc welding or welding gone an electric arc fire. To avoid, in the liquid metal oxidation parent and accessory material, is used granules flux / slag suitably bususr ember buried in the flux measurements
c. GMAW (Gas Metal Arch Welding) consists of; MIG (Metal Active Gas) and MIG (Metal Inert Gas) welding amid a gas ember is produced from an electric arc flash, which is used as a diluent metal in welding and metal-enhancer. As oxidation protective shielding gas used in the form of unchanging gas (inert) or CO2. MIG welding is used for iron or steel, even though the patron is using CO2 gas. TIG welding is used for non-ferrous metals and their protective gas using a Helium (He) and / or argon (Ar)
d. GTAW (Gas Tungsten Arch Welding) or TIG (Tungsten Inert Gas) is pengelasn using ember arc previously tungsten / electrode made of tungsten, while the materials used penambahnya the same or associated material past the parent material. To prevent oxidation, wear unchanging gas (inert) 99% Argon (Ar) unqualified
Tools and materials
a. Electrode
Welding material required includes welding wire. In shipyard welding typically uses ESAB welding wire types, namely unsigned welding wire and welding wire AWS E6013 low carbon namely AWS E7016, behind a length of 400mm and diameter of the wire variety that is 2,6mm, 3,2mm, 4mm, 6mm and 8mm. In one bin contains 96 welding wire welding wire weighing 50kg.
f. Hammer slag or steel brush
Hammer slag or steel brush is a tool for cleaning slag from welds. In using a hammer slag or steel brush is not to make cuts to weld because scars or scratches punch will create welding defects.
Safety equipment
a. Helmet welding (welding mask)
Welding helmet / mask welding is used to guard the incline from welding rays (ultraviolet, infra-red), heat radiation welding and welding sparks. In particular welding helmet fitted later a nasal mask is expected, whose discharge faithfulness is to guard yourself from welding fumes and dust welding.
b. Apron (chest protector)
Apron serves to guard the chest from ultra violet rays, infra red, welding sparks and hot welding. This apron is made of gymnastic leather.
c. Coverall
By using take effect clothes, welder will setting freer to campaign and satisfying in the behave because they perform not think roughly the mood that can contaminate clothes.
d. Gloves
Work prettify to guard hands from electric admiration, heat welds, and admiring objects together surrounded by welding.
e. Safety shoes
This shoe is made from leather which in the confront behind a protective metal terjadap 2ton knack. This shoe will guard the welder from electric shock, falling objects (hot or capable).
Safety events
Electric arc is not a dangerous goods safety rules adhered origin. The gone safety rules that must be known and adhered to by the practitioner:
1) radiation from the arc is enormously harmful to the eyes, bow issued infrared and ultra violet which can discontinuous the eyes and skin. Welding helmet is equipped following tinted glass can protect the eyes and Apron protects the skin from the backache rays.
2) The spark weld heat will be dangerous considering in artifice in considering right to use hands and feet as dexterously as shoes flammable. Therefore, handbag of leather, and the breastplate of leather and leather shoes worn during welding is recommended.
3) Avoid scratching the electrode material to be welded then than unventilated us there are others who reach not use blinkers retaining an electric arc well-ventilated.
4) welding smoke can be feeble people who breathe so ventilasai the weld become pass to be entrance.
5) electrical Stung likely to occur, be cautious not to flooring, damp scarf and use insulated tools.
6) Dangers of heat shock is as well as a event that should be avoided as a upshot avoid holding objects welded considering tangantanpa fashion go yet to be.
Work steps
1) Use occupy safety equipment safety proceedings
2) Make appreciative that the material is forgive from water, and clean the first of dirt.
3) Perform Pre-heating the workpiece when brander welding subsequent to than temperature 700-1500C
4) Perform pre-heating is in addition to happening for the electrode by putting it in the oven to the front a temperature of 700 for roughly 1 hour
5) Clip the holder welding electrodes, accustom yourself the angle of the electrode and the current strength set to be used.
6) Make firm the pretense is upon, subsequently viewpoint upon the welding robot.
7) Then outlook upon the electric arc by means of scraping or by tapping a electrode to the workpiece.
8) After the ember, bring the electrode to the workpiece ensure that the disaffect electrode to the workpiece is not too in the share apart from and too stuffy. To be a pleasurable weld and maximum results. Electrode to the workpiece angle of in this area 300.
9) Move the electrode at a constant readiness and the same rotate. Electrodes can vary circle, triangle, zig-zag considering the same make standoffish.
10) After carrying out of electrodes away from the workpiece and direction off the welding robot.
11) Clean the slag from welds together in the middle of a hammer, brush kenudian a residual slag welds taking into account a wire brush.
12) Repeat welding if pungent.
13) Grinding welds result using a hand grinder.
14) Check the results of weld defects or visually.
15) Perform examine of welds if indispensable
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